Atrial Natriuretic Peptide (Biotin)

Background

Atrial Natriuretic Peptide (ANP) is a hormone secreted primarily by cardiac atrial myocytes in response to increased blood volume or pressure, playing a pivotal role in cardiovascular and fluid homeostasis. ANP exerts its effects by binding to natriuretic peptide receptor-A (NPR-A), leading to increased intracellular cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) levels, which mediate vasodilation and natriuresis. This hormone reduces systemic vascular resistance and promotes sodium and water excretion in the kidneys, thereby lowering blood pressure and blood volume. ANP is also a critical regulator of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS), counteracting the effects of angiotensin II and aldosterone to prevent fluid overload. Clinically, elevated ANP levels are observed in conditions like heart failure and atrial fibrillation, serving as a biomarker for these diseases. Therapeutically, recombinant ANP and analogs are being explored for their potential in treating acute decompensated heart failure and hypertension. Research also highlights ANP’s role in protecting against cardiac hypertrophy, fibrosis, and remodeling, emphasizing its broader significance in cardiovascular health and disease management.