APOA5 Protein

Background

APOA5 is a critical regulator of plasma triglyceride (TG) levels, playing an essential role in lipid metabolism and cardiovascular health It is primarily synthesized in the liver and is a minor apolipoprotein component of chylomicrons and very-low-density lipoproteins (VLDL) APOA5 functions by enhancing the activity of lipoprotein lipase (LPL), which hydrolyzes triglycerides in VLDL and chylomicrons, thereby reducing plasma triglyceride levels Genetic variants in the APOA5 gene are strongly associated with hypertriglyceridemia, which is a major risk factor for cardiovascular diseases (CVD), atherosclerosis, and pancreatitis APOA5 interacts with cell surface receptors such as GPIHBP1 to facilitate LPL activity and triglyceride clearance from the bloodstream Studies have shown that reduced APOA5 expression leads to elevated triglycerides and increased risk of metabolic syndrome APOA5 also modulates lipid storage in adipose tissue, highlighting its broader role in lipid homeostasis APOA5 is being investigated as a therapeutic target for hyperlipidemia and related cardiovascular conditions, as strategies enhancing APOA5 expression or function may improve triglyceride metabolism and reduce cardiovascular risks