Annexin A5 (ANXA5) Protein

Background

ANXA5 is a well-known calcium- and phospholipid-binding protein involved in apoptosis, membrane repair, and anti-inflammatory processes. It binds to phosphatidylserine (PS), a phospholipid exposed on the outer leaflet of apoptotic cells, making ANXA5 a widely used marker for apoptosis detection. ANXA5 regulates coagulation and fibrinolysis by preventing the assembly of coagulation complexes on cell membranes, contributing to antithrombotic activity. It is expressed in various tissues, including the placenta, where it plays roles in trophoblast function and pregnancy maintenance. Dysregulation of ANXA5 has been associated with autoimmune diseases, recurrent pregnancy loss, and cancers. Its apoptotic and anticoagulant properties make it a key protein in cellular homeostasis and disease pathology.