SAV1 - Protein salvador homolog 1 | Elisa - Clia - Antibody - Protein

Background

Protein Salvador homolog 1 (SAV1) is a key component of the Hippo signaling pathway, which is crucial for regulating cell proliferation, apoptosis, and organ size. SAV1 was initially identified in Drosophila as a tumor suppressor protein and has since been studied extensively in mammals for its role in maintaining cellular homeostasis. The Hippo pathway, conserved from flies to humans, restricts cell growth and promotes apoptosis, thereby preventing uncontrolled cell proliferation and tumorigenesis. SAV1 acts as a scaffold protein, facilitating interactions between other core components of the Hippo pathway, such as MST1/2 (Mammalian Ste20-like kinases) and LATS1/2 (Large tumor suppressor kinases).

Protein Structure

SAV1 is characterized by several structural features:

• WW Domains: These domains mediate protein-protein interactions by recognizing proline-rich motifs in target proteins. SAV1 contains two WW domains, essential for its interaction with other Hippo pathway components.
• SARAH Domain: This C-terminal domain is crucial for binding to MST1/2, promoting their activation and the subsequent phosphorylation of LATS1/2.

Classification and Subtypes

SAV1 belongs to a family of proteins that are conserved across species. In mammals, it is referred to as hSav1 or WW45. The protein's classification is based on its functional domains (WW and SARAH) and its role within the Hippo signaling pathway.

Function and Biological Significance

SAV1 plays multiple roles within the Hippo signaling pathway:

• Scaffold Protein: SAV1 facilitates the interaction between MST1/2 and LATS1/2, essential for the activation of downstream signaling events that regulate cell growth and apoptosis.
• Tumor Suppression: By promoting the Hippo pathway, SAV1 helps to inhibit excessive cell proliferation and prevent tumor formation.
• Organ Size Regulation: SAV1 is involved in controlling organ size during development by regulating cell proliferation and apoptosis.

Clinical Issues

Alterations in the expression or function of SAV1 have been associated with several diseases, particularly cancer:

• Cancer: Reduced expression or mutations in SAV1 have been linked to various cancers, including liver, colorectal, and breast cancers. These alterations can lead to the disruption of the Hippo pathway, resulting in uncontrolled cell growth and tumorigenesis.
• Developmental Disorders: Dysregulation of the Hippo pathway, involving SAV1, can contribute to developmental abnormalities due to improper regulation of organ size and cell proliferation.

Summary

Protein Salvador homolog 1 (SAV1) is a critical component of the Hippo signaling pathway, acting primarily as a scaffold protein to facilitate interactions among key kinases in the pathway. Its role in regulating cell proliferation, apoptosis, and organ size underscores its importance in maintaining cellular homeostasis. Alterations in SAV1 function are implicated in various cancers, highlighting its significance as a tumor suppressor. Understanding the precise mechanisms by which SAV1 influences the Hippo pathway can provide valuable insights into potential therapeutic strategies for cancer and other related diseases.